Introduction

This project aims for an advanced stick which is going to help wick and senior citizens while walking on the road. By taking the help of modern engineering and technology we are designing a supporting stick which can be transformed into a stool. A person can use it to take rest if he feels tiredness after walking. This can also be used as a sitting stool in a crowded place where there is no sufficient seats to take rest like railway platform, bus stop, open stage show programs etc. One can use its torch while walking at night. There is a soft electric shock system for self defence. If a wild bufallow or dog or bull is supposed to attack an old woman, then she is able to protect hershelf by applying a short electric pulse against those animals. This is only for a  threat  but not to kill those animals. There  is a provision to keep a small water bottle and some emergency pills. The ultrasonic sensor used here can help a visually chalenged person to overcome an obstacle while walking on the road. During a walk if a sick old woman falls down, then the vibration sensor combined with gsm module and microcontroller send a text message to the family member that grandmother has just fallen down.

Block Diagram

Materials used

5 volt adaptor

12 volt adaptor

Trasformer

Diode

Capacitor

Relay

LED

Resistor

Variable resistor

LM 358 operational amplifier

Ne 555 timer IC

Microcontroller Atmega 328

Sim 800L version 2 GSM module

7805 voltage regulator

Buzzer

Vibration sensor

Crystal oscillator

Transistor bc547

Ultrasonic sensor

12 volt battery

4 volt battery

Switch

Connecting wire

Iron pipe

Nuts and bolts

Wooden plate

Component Description

Battery

It stores electric energy. It supplies DC voltage and DC current. It converts chemical energy into electrical energy. While charging it converts electrical energy into chemical energy. We have used lead acid battery here.

Transformer

It consists of two coils of insulated copper wire linked by an iron core. Transformers are used to step up (increase) or step down (decrease) AC voltages. Energy is transferred between the coils by the magnetic field in the core. There is   no electrical connection between the coils. Here we have used a shell type step up transformer which can step up 6 volt AC to 230 volt AC.

Switch

A switch can connects and disconnects the conduction of electricity in a circuit.

Capacitor

A capacitor stores electric charge. Capacitors used here are ceramic and electrolytic type.

Resistor

A resistor restricts the flow of current. The resistors used here are carbon film and quarter watt type.

Variable Resistor

There is a provision to adjust its resistance value by rotating it through a screw driver.

Transistor

A transistor amplifies current. It can be used with other components to make an amplifier or switching circuit. BC 547 is a general purpose transistor. It is an npn epitaxial silicon transistor. Its maximum collector current (DC) is 100mA.

LED (Light Emitting Diode)

It is a transducer which converts electrical energy into light energy.

Diode 1N4007

These are general purpose diodes. These diodes have high current capability and low forward voltage drop. The average rectified output current is one ampere.

NE 555

The 8-pin NE 555 timer is the most useful ICs ever made in the world. Its popular name is timer IC. It is used in many electronics projects. Just adding a few external components, it can be used to construct so many circuits. The 555 has three operating modes: Monostable mode, Astable mode and Bistable mode. It can withstand maximum supply voltage up to 16 volt. It has a maximum power dissipation up to 600mW.

Relay

Generally relay is defined as an electromagnetic switch. The relay used here is a 12 volt ice cube type.

Microcontroller

A microcontroller is a compressed microcomputer which acts by getting commands through software program.

Buzzer

A buzzer contains a piezo-electric material. Sound originates from vibration. When electric potential difference is applied to piezo-electric material, mechanical vibration is produced. Therefore sound is generated.

Vibration sensor

It is also called as piezo-electric sensor. A piezo-electric sensor contains a piezo-electric material. When mechanical vibration is applied to piezo-electric material, electric potential difference is produced. Quartz is an example of piezo-electric material.

Ultrasonic sensor

An active ultrasonic sensor emits ultrasonic sound waves at a frequency above the range of human hearing. When there is an obstacle, these waves are reflected and return back to the motion sensor. A transducer within the sensor acts as a waypoint for the signal that means it sends the pulse and receives the echo.

Sim800l version 2

It is the second version of SIM800L GSM Module. It is a miniature GSM modem. It takes a SIM card just like our mobile phone. We can make or receive a call, send a text message and connect to the internet through GPRS by using it. GSM stands for Global System for Mobile communication.

LM 358

The op-amp used here is LM358 which is a general purpose op-amp and easily available in market. It is a dual low power operational amplifier. It can operate with a supply voltage from 3V to 32 V.

Circuit Diagram for applying a short time shock.

Circuit diagram for torch light.

Circuit Diagram for 5V power supply.

Circuit Diagram for vibration sensor

Circuit Diagram for ultrasonic sensor.

Circuit diagram to send a text message

Advantage

Due to all the features described above it will help senior citizens for a comfortable walk.

Code for microcontroller.

// Program code to send a text message.

int timesTosend=1;

int count=0;

char phone_no[]=”XXXXXXXXXX”;  // Write your ten digit mobile phone number.

void setup() {

// put your setup code here, to run once:

Serial.begin(9600);

delay(1000);

Serial.println(“AT+CMGF=1”);

delay(200);

}

void loop()

{

// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:

while(count<timesTosend)

{

delay(1500);

Serial.print(“AT+CMGS=\””);

Serial.print(phone_no);

Serial.println(“\””);

delay(1000);

Serial.print(“Grandmother has fallen down.”);  //This text message will be sent.

Serial.write(0x1A);

count++;

}

}

Contact:

Er. Anil Kumar Prusty.

phone: +91 9861004895