Introduction

This project aims for an advanced sensor based home. By taking the help of modern engineering and technology we are trying for building a system that will avoid the wastage of electricity and water at home. There are five features involved in this process.

1. When a passerby is walking on road, only the front street lights are illuminated for a specific time to illuminate the road.
2. When a person is going away from home by closing the main gate, all the electric appliances are switched off automatically.
3. At the starting of the day when the horizon is illuminated by sun rays, the lighting system at roof and backside of home are turned off automatically.
4. The dustbin cover opens automatically when we show a hand with garbage and closes automatically after the garbage is thrown.
5. When we show our hand near the water tap for washing, the water flow is activated for a specific time but not continuously. 

Materials required

1. Water pump
2. Transformer
3. LASER
4. LDR
5. Capacitor
6. Resistor
7. Transistor
8. LED
9. Pipe
10. Diode
11. IC 555
12. 7805 voltage regulator
13. Relay
14.  Switch
15. Motor

Component Description

Water pump

Here we are using a centrifugal submersible type water pump. It takes 230 volt ac for its operation.

Transformer

It consists of two coils of insulated copper wire linked by an iron core. Transformers are used to step up (increase) or step down (decrease) AC voltages. Energy is transferred between the coils by the magnetic field in the core. There is   no electrical connection between the coils. Here we have used a shell type step down transformer which step downs 230 volt AC to 12 volt AC. It can supply maximum 1 A current.

LASER(Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation)

A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation.

LDR

LDR Stands for Light Dependant Resistor. LDR is a kind of variable resistor and its resistance value varies depending on the intensity of light falling on it. In dark, LDR offers extremely high resistance as high as 10 Mega Ohm but it reduces to 100 Ohms or less in bright light. So LDR is an ideal light sensor when our circuit has a dependency parameter as sun light. You can use a 5mm diameter LDR here.

Capacitor

A capacitor stores electric charge. Capacitors used here are mica and electrolytic type.

Resistor

A resistor restricts the flow of current. The resistors used here are carbon film and quarter watt type.

Transistor

A transistor amplifies current. It can be used with other components to make an amplifier or switching circuit. BC 547 is a general purpose transistor. It is an npn epitaxial silicon transistor. Its maximum collector current (DC) is 100mA.

LED (Light Emitting Diode)

It is a transducer which converts electrical energy into light energy.

Motor

A motor is a device which converts electrical power into mechanical power. Here we have used a 12 volt permanent magnet type DC motor. It is a gear type motor with high torque and low rpm.

Diode 1N4007

These are general purpose diodes. These diodes have high current capability and low forward voltage drop. The average rectified output current is one ampere.

NE 555

The 8-pin NE 555 timer is the most useful ICs ever made in the world. Its popular name is timer IC. It is used in many electronics projects. Just adding a few external components, it can be used to construct so many circuits. The 555 has three operating modes: Monostable mode, Astable mode and Bistable mode. It can withstand maximum supply voltage up to 16 volt. It has a maximum power dissipation up to 600mW.

7805 voltage regulator

The 7805 voltage regulator IC gives us a constant 5 volt DC power supply from a 12 volt rectified output voltage. So , where the rest of the 7 volt goes ? Actually, the rest 7 volt goes nowhere. It is dissipated as heat in the heat sink provided to the voltage regulator IC.

Relay

Generally relay is defined as an electromagnetic switch. The relay used here is a 12 volt ice cube type.

Working

The rectifier circuit feeds 12 volt to the project.

The full bridge rectifier converts 12 V AC into 12 V DC and filtered by the 1000 µF capacitor. The LED in series with 1 kΩ resistor is just for power indication purpose.

When a passerby is walking on road only the front street lights are illuminated for a specific time.When there are no people walking on the road, street lights remains in off state to save electricity.

When a person is going away from home by closing the main gate, all the electric appliances are switched off automatically. When a person enters into the home by opening the main gate main switch is activated, then the person can use the appliances according to his requirement. This saves a lot of electricity if the person forgets to switch off the appliances and stay outside the home for a long time.

At the starting of the day when the horizon is illuminated, the lighting system at roof and backside of home are turned off automatically. At the starting of evening when darkness arrives the light bulbs are illuminated automatically. This process avoids the wastage of electricity if we forget to switch off those at day time. 

The dustbin cover opens up automatically when we show a hand with garbage and closes down automatically after the garbage is thrown. This auto opening and closing of dustbin cover helps to keep our home environment clean. Due to this the surrounding air near the dustbin is kept fresh.

When we show our hand near the water tap for cleaning face, the water flow is activated for a specific time but not continuously. This discontinuous flow of water from tap saves a lot of water if someone forgets to turn the tap off. This also restricts the wastage of water.

Advantage

1. This saves a lot of electricity by avoiding its wastage.
2. This also saves water by not allowing its misuse.

Contact

Er. Anil Kumar Prusty.

phone :- +91 9861004895