Introduction

Hyperloop concept is a new mode of transport. It is also called as the fifth mode after planes, trains, cars and boats. A hyperloop is a proposed high-speed transportation system for both public and goods transport. Hyperloop designs employ three essential components: tubes, pods, and terminals. In Hyperloop the passenger container or car or pod hangs from a “rail” attached to the ceiling of an empty tube. This new transportation system is safer, faster, lower cost, more convenient, immune to weather, sustainably self-powering and resistant to earthquakes. It aims to be the high-speed long-distance passenger transport. It has lower transport capacity due to the small number of seats per capsule. Bi-directional operation in single tubes is still a challenge.

Block diagram

Components required

Transistor BC547,  BD140

Resistor

Capacitor

Diode 1N4007

Solenoids

Vero board

LED

Transformer 

Insulated copper wire

Battery

IC 555

IC 4017

Permanent magnets

Components Description

Resistor

A resistor restricts the flow of current. The 1kΩ resistor used here is carbon film and quarter watt type.

Capacitor

A capacitor stores electric charge. Capacitor used here is 1000 µF and it is an electrolytic type.

LED (Light Emitting Diode)

It is a transducer which converts electrical energy into light energy.

Transistor

A transistor amplifies current. It can be used with other components to make an amplifier or switching circuit. BC 547 is a general purpose transistor. It is an npn epitaxial silicon transistor. Its maximum collector current (DC) is 100mA.

BD 140 is a pnp epitaxial silicon transistor produced by Fairchild Semiconductor. It is suitable for medium power linear and switching applications. Its maximum collector current (DC) is 1.5 A.

Transformer

It consists of two coils of insulated copper wire linked by an iron core. Transformers are used to step up (increase) or step down (decrease) AC voltages. Energy is transferred between the coils by the magnetic field in the core. There is   no electrical connection between the coils. Here we have used a shell type step down transformer which step downs 230 volt AC to 12 volt AC. It can supply maximum 1A current. The working principle of transformer is very simple. It depends upon Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. Actually, mutual induction between two or more winding is responsible for transformation action in an electrical transformer.

Diode 1N4007

These are general purpose diodes. These diodes have high current capability and low forward voltage drop. The average rectified output current is one ampere.

Insulated copper wire

The wire which is made of copper and can insulate electric current is called insulated copper wire. Copper wire used in an electric motor winding is insulated with a coating of non-conductive insulation like plastic or enamel which prevents the current from passing between the wire turns. The windings of the wire multiply the effect of the circulating current due to which magnetic effect increases. The more will be the thickness of the wire, the larger current it can conduct.

NE 555

The 8-pin NE 555 timer is the most useful ICs ever made in the world. Its popular name is timer IC. It is used in many electronics projects. Just adding a few external components, it can be used to construct so many circuits. The 555 has three operating modes: Monostable mode, Astable mode and Bistable mode. It can withstand maximum supply voltage up to 16 volt. It has a maximum power dissipation up to 600mW.

4017 IC

Here we are using a decade counter IC 4017, which counts or shifts the output for each rising edge of applied clock signal. It has 10 outputs.

Theory

The pod accelerates gradually via electric propulsion through a low-pressure tube. The pod floats along the track using magnetic levitation and glides at airline speeds for long distances due to ultra-low aerodynamic drag. The tube is partially vacuumed. As the pod travels in a very high speed inside a tube it will try to compress the air along the forward direction in the tube. So, to avoid the resistance, a propeller designed in front of the pod reduces the air pressure by throwing the air axially in the backward direction.

Working

The voltage required for operation of our circuit is 12 V DC. The full bridge rectifier converts 12 V AC into 12 V DC and filtered by the 1000 µF capacitor. The LED in series with 1 kΩ resistor is just for power indication purpose. The 555 IC supplies the required pulse to the decade counter. The counter successfully drives the driver circuit which then operates the solenoids serially. Due to the interaction between permanent magnets and electromagnets, an unidirectional forward force is developed which is responsible for propulsion of the pod. 

Advantage

This new transportation system is safer, faster, lower cost, more convenient, immune to weather, sustainably self-powering and resistant to earthquakes

Contact:

Er. Anil Kumar Prusty.

Mobile: +91 9861004895