Introduction

By taking the help of modern engineering and technology, in this project we are trying to reduce the bike accidents as well as save and alert bike drivers. The bike engine only starts after wearing the helmet otherwise not. If the drunken bike driver tries to start the bike, even after wearing the helmet, the bike engine will not be started rather a buzzer is activated to inform the bike rider. If there is an accident with the bike driver, bike engine stops immediately and an electronic text message is sent to the home of the bike driver immediately.

Components required

Block Diagram

Components Description

Arduino UNO board

Arduino UNO is a flexible, and easy-to-use programmable open-source microcontroller board that can be integrated into a variety of electronic projects. This board can be interfaced with other Arduino boards, Arduino shields, Raspberry Pi boards and can control relays, LEDs, servos, and motors as an output.

GSM Module(Global System for Mobile communication)

GSM module is a miniature GSM modem, which can be integrated into a great number of IoT projects. It can be used to accomplish almost anything a normal cell phone can do, just like SMS text messages, Make or receive phone calls etc.

RF transmitter and receiver

This is an PLL based ASK Hybrid 434 MHz RF transmitter and receiver module. It is ideal for short-range wireless control applications where quality is a primary concern. The transmitter module uses a SAW-stabilized oscillator, ensuring accurate frequency control for best range performance. The transmitter power supply ranges from a 3-12V, making it ideal for battery-powered applications. Here we will supply 5 volt. The receiver module requires no external RF components except for an antenna. The super-regenerative design exhibits exceptional sensitivity at a very cheap cost.

Relay

Generally relay is defined as an electromagnetic switch. The relay used here is a 12 volt ice cube type.

Resistor

A resistor restricts the flow of current. The resistors used here are carbon film and quarter watt type.

Diode 1N4007

These are general purpose diodes. These diodes have high current capability and low forward voltage drop. The average rectified output current is one ampere.

Capacitor

A capacitor stores electric charge. Capacitors used here are electrolytic and mica type.

Transformer

It consists of two coils of insulated copper wire linked by an iron core. Transformers are used to step up (increase) or step down (decrease) AC voltages. Energy is transferred between the coils by the magnetic field in the core. There is   no electrical connection between the coils. Here we have used a shell type step down transformer which step downs 230 volt AC to 12 volt AC. It can  supply maximum 1A current.

LED (Light Emitting Diode)

It is a transducer which converts electrical energy into light energy.

4017 IC

Here we are using a decade counter IC 4017, which counts or shifts the output for each rising edge of applied clock signal. It has 10 outputs.

555 IC

The 8-pin NE 555 timer is the most useful ICs ever made in the world. Its popular name is timer IC. It is used in many electronics projects. Just adding a few external components, it can be used to construct so many circuits. The 555 has three operating modes: Monostable mode, Astable mode and Bistable mode. It can withstand maximum supply voltage up to 16 volt. It has a maximum power dissipation up to 600mW.

7805 voltage regulator

The 7805 voltage regulator IC gives us a constant 5 volt DC power supply from a 12 volt rectified output voltage. So , where the rest of the 7 volt goes ? Actually, the rest 7 volt goes nowhere. It is dissipated as heat in the heat sink provided to the voltage regulator IC.

Transistor bc547

A transistor amplifies current. It can be used with other components to make an amplifier or switching circuit. BC 547 is a general purpose transistor. It is an npn epitaxial silicon transistor. Its maximum collector current (DC) is 100mA.

LDR

LDR Stands for Light Dependant Resistor. LDR is a kind of variable resistor and its resistance value varies depending on the intensity of light falling on it. In dark, LDR offers extremely high resistance as high as 10 Mega Ohm but it reduces to 100 Ohms or less in bright light. So LDR is an ideal light sensor when our circuit has a dependency parameter as sun light. You can use a 5mm diameter LDR here.

LASER(Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation)

A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation.

Buzzer

The buzzer is a sounding device that can convert electrical energy into sound energy. It is usually powered by DC voltage. It is widely used in alarms, computers, printers and other electronic products as sound devices.

Piezoelectric Sensor

A piezoelectric sensor is a device that uses the piezoelectric effect to measure changes in pressure, acceleration, temperature, strain, or force by converting them to an electrical charge.

Alcohol Sensor

The alcohol sensor is a sensor which detects ethanol in the air. When a drunk person breathes near the alcohol sensor it detects the ethanol in his breathe and provides an output based on alcohol concentration.

Working

The RF transmitter circuit, LDR circuit, alcohol sensor circuit, Piezoelectric sensor circuit and LASER are mounted on the helmet with a power source. The RF receiver circuit, latch circuit, GSM module and arduino uno board are placed on the bike. When laser beam incidents on LDR, this makes the transmitter to send a signal to make the bike engine off. When the rider puts the helmet on head, the beam is interrupted by head and sends a signal through the transmitter to start the bike engine. When the bike rider tries to put the helmet on his head after drinking alcohol, the ethanol from his breath comes in contact with the alcohol sensor which triggers the buzzer on and sends a signal through the transmitter not to start the bike engine. In case the rider has an accident, the piezoelectric sensor mounted on the helmet gets a strong vibration and sends a signal through the transmitter to stop the bike engine and to sends a text message to his relative’s mobile phone to inform about the accident.

Main functional features of project

Advantages

Enjoy making process of the video

The code for Arduino UNO

int timesTosend=1;

int count=0;

char phone_no[]=”9999999999″; // Write the ten digit mobile phone number here.

void setup() {

  // put your setup code here, to run once:

Serial.begin(9600);

delay(1000);

Serial.println(“AT+CMGF=1”);

delay(200);

}

void loop()

{

  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:

while(count<timesTosend)

{

delay(1500);

Serial.print(“AT+CMGS=\””);

Serial.print(phone_no);

Serial.println(“\””);

delay(1000);

Serial.print(“BIKE ACCIDENT”);

Serial.write(0x1A);

count++;

}

}